How to Teach Children With Autism to Follow Multi-Step Instructions

Following directions like “Put your shoes away, then wash your hands” might seem simple to most — but for a child with autism, multi-step instructions can feel overwhelming. It’s not that the child doesn’t want to comply. Often, it’s that they struggle to process, retain, and act on more than one instruction at a time.

This is where ABA strategies can make a big difference. By teaching multi-step instructions in structured, supportive ways, we help children build cognitive flexibility, working memory, and independence in daily life.

Why Multi-Step Instructions Are Challenging

Multi-step directions require:

• Listening comprehension

• Sequencing (doing things in the right order)

• Working memory (holding steps in mind while acting)

• Task persistence

Children with autism may struggle with any combination of these areas, especially if language processing, attention span, or transitions are difficult.

Examples of Multi-Step Instructions

• “Get your backpack, then line up.”

• “Put your dish in the sink and dry your hands.”

• “Take off your shoes, put them in the closet, then sit on the couch.”

ABA Strategies for Teaching Multi-Step Instructions

1. Start With One Step

Before tackling multiple steps, make sure the child can follow single instructions reliably.

• “Throw this away.”

• “Clap your hands.”

Once that’s solid, add a second step.

2. Use Visual Supports

Pictures, icons, or written checklists can help break down tasks:

• Visual schedule: [Put on socks] → [Put on shoes] → [Tie laces]

• Task strips on the wall or mirror

Visuals help reduce the burden on working memory.

3. Model and Practice With Repetition

Show the child how to complete the sequence.

• “Watch me: I’m putting my book away… now I’m zipping my backpack.”

Then have them imitate with support, fading help as they improve.

4. Use Verbal Cues With Pauses

Break up instructions instead of giving everything at once:

• “First, get your toothbrush.” (pause) “Now, put toothpaste on it.”

Over time, increase how many steps they can follow in one instruction.

5. Use “First-Then” Language

• “First put away your toys, then come sit.” This helps frame instructions as a sequence.

6. Reinforce Each Step

If the child completes even part of the instruction, reinforce it.

• “Nice job putting your cup in the sink — now let’s dry hands!”

• Use stickers, tokens, or praise to reinforce step completion.

7. Use Songs or Rhythms

For tasks like handwashing or cleaning up, adding a tune helps children remember the steps.

• “Scrub, scrub, scrub, rinse, dry!”

Tips for Parents at Home

• Keep instructions short and simple at first

• Always check for understanding (“What’s the first thing you’re going to do?”)

• Use “show and tell” — demonstrate before expecting independence

• Praise progress, not just perfection

• Practice during routines: bedtime, meals, clean-up time

Real-Life Example

Maya, age 5, had trouble following her morning routine. Her therapist introduced a picture checklist showing: [Brush teeth] → [Get dressed] → [Put on shoes]. At first, she was guided step-by-step. After two weeks of daily practice and reinforcement, Maya completed all three steps independently and with pride.

Final Thoughts

Following multi-step instructions is a skill that unlocks greater independence — at home, in school, and in life. With visual aids, patient teaching, and lots of encouragement, your child can learn to navigate sequences with confidence.